Insuficiencia renal secundaria a linfomalinfoplasmocíticomacroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom / Renal failure secondary to lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma- Waldenström¿s macroglobulinemia

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[Comparative study of PTFE grafts in forearm vs cuffed permanent catheters]. / Estudio comparativo del uso de protesis vasculares de PTFE a nivel de antebrazo vs cateter permanente.

INTRODUCTION: As is universally accepted the best form of permanent vascular access for haemodialysis is the native arteriovenous fistula. A second and third options are the politetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) AV grafts and the cuffed, tunneled, internal catheters. The overall performance and complications of catheters is clearly inferior to AV fistula. There are not many studies that compare permanent catheters to grafts in terms of functionality, survival and complications. METHODS: We analyzed 81 vascular accesses carried out from october 99 to december 03 in 59 patients and during a follow-up period of 35 months. Two groups were considered. Group 1, catheters (n 42) and group 2, grafts (n 39). Clinical aspects, comorbidity index (Wright and Kanh), dialysis dose and complications and survival of the access were registered. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in age, sex, time on haemodialysis, number of previous accesses and hospitalization days. Cardiovascular morbidity and comorbidity index were significantly higher in patients with catheter. While blood flow during dialysis was higher in grafts both groups showed no significant differences in parameters of efficacy of dialysis (Kt/V, TAC BUN and PCRn). Serum albumin was lower in patients with catheter. The number of accesses that failed was higher in the graft group being thrombosis the main complication followed by infection. Kaplan-Meier curves showed better accumulated survival of permanent catheters versus grafts (61,4% vs 9,8% at 35 months). The most frequent complication of catheter was infection while in the case of grafts it was thrombosis followed by infection. CONCLUSIONS: Although they were placed in patients with higher comorbidity, cuffed, tunneled catheters showed less number of complications and better survival than PTFE grafts in our patients in haemodialysis. The main cause of failure of both vascular access was thrombosis followed by infection. The dose of dialysis obtained was no different in both groups. Cuffed, tunneled permanent catheters are a very interesting option in a number of patients in haemodialysis and they can be an option to consider in those patients with vascular difficulties and higher comorbidities.

Estudio comparativo del uso de prótesis vasculares de PTFE a nivel de antebravo vs catéter permanente / comparative study of PTFE grafts in forearm vs cuffed permanent catheters

La fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) autóloga es el acceso vascular permanente de elección en los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Cuando esta opción no es posible, se debería optar por una prótesis vascular de politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE) y en tercer lugar por un catéter permanente tunelizado (CPT). Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de complicaciones, morbilidad, índices de eficacia dialítica, así como la supervivencia de los CPT vs PTFE a nivel de antebrazo. Material y métodos: Estudiamos retrospectivamente 81 accesos vasculares realizados en 59 pacientes, seguidos desde octubre-99 hasta diciembre-03. Dividimos la muestra en dos grupos en función del acceso vascular: G-I (n = 42) CPT; G-II (n = 39) PTFE. Se compararon características clínicas, índice de comorbilidad (Wright y Kanh), eficacia de diálisis, complicaciones y supervivencia. Resultados: No encontramos diferencias significativas en cuanto a los datos antropométricos, tiempo en hemodiálisis, número de accesos previos o el número de ingresos en relación al acceso vascular. Los pacientes portadores de PTFE presentaban un índice de comorbilidad inferior a los portadores de CPT o de ambos accesos. El flujo obtenido con las prótesis de PTFE era superior al obtenido con los CPT (p = 0,003). La albúmina era más elevada en el grupo de las prótesis de PTFE (p = 0,002). El número de complicaciones fue superior en el grupo de los injertos (p < 0,05), siendo la trombosis la más frecuente. Durante el seguimiento hubo que retirar más prótesis que CPT (p < 0,000), siendo el motivo más frecuente de pérdida del acceso vascular la trombosis, seguido de la infección. La supervivencia acumulada del acceso vascular a 35 meses de seguimiento, analizada mediante curvas de Kaplan-Meier, mostró una mayor supervivencia acumulada de CPT (61,4%) frente a prótesis de PTFE (9,8%) (p < 0,01). Conclusiones: Los CPT mostraron menor incidencia de complicaciones y mayor supervivencia que las prótesis de PTFE, a pesar de haber sido colocados en más de la mitad de los casos, en pacientes con una mayor comorbilidad. El principal motivo de fracaso del acceso vascular fue la trombosis seguido de la infección; se retiraron más prótesis que CPT. Finalmente, los parámetros de eficacia de diálisis fueron similares en ambos grupos

Introduction: As is universally accepted the best form of permanent vascular access for haemodialysis is the native arteriovenous fistula. A second and third options are the poliformatetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) AV grafts and the cuffed, tunneled, internal catheters. The overall performance and complications of catheters is clearly inferior to AV fistula. There are not many studies that compare permanent catheters to grafts in terms of functionality, survival and complications. Methods: We analyzed 81 vascular accesses carried out from october 99 to december 03 in 59 patients and during a follow-up period of 35 months. Two groups were considered. Group 1, catheters (n 42) and group 2, grafts (n 39). Clinical aspects, comorbidity index (Wright and Kanh), dialysis dose and complications and survival of the access were registered. Results: Both groups were similar in age, sex, time on haemodialysis, number of previous accesses and hospitalization days. Cardiovascular morbidity and comorbidity index were significantly higher in patients with catheter. While blood flow during dialysis was higher in grafts both groups showed no significant differences in parameters of efficacy of dialysis (Kt/V, TAC BUN and PCRn). Serum albumin was lower in patients with catheter. The number of accesses that failed was higher in the graft group being thrombosis the main complication followed by infection. Kaplan-Meier curves showed better accumulated survival of permanent catheters versus grafts (61,4% vs 9,8% at 35 months). The most frequent complication of catheter was infection while in the case of grafts it was thrombosis followed by infection. Conclusions: Although they were placed in patients with higher comorbidity, cuffed, tunneled catheters showed less number of complications and better survival than PTFE grafts in our patients in haemodialysis. The main cause of failure of both vascular access was thrombosis followed by infection. The dose of dialysis obtained was no different in both groups. Cuffed, tunneled permanent catheters are a very interesting option in a number of patients in haemodialysis and they can be an option to consider in those patients with vascular difficulties and higher comorbidities

[Renal hyperparathyroidism's control after subtotal parathyroidectomy]. / Control del hiperparatiroidismo renal tras paratiroidectomía subtotal.

UNLABELLED: Parathyroidectomy, in any of its forms, is considered an effective short-term treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism in patients who are not being controlled with drugs. Nevertheless, the outcome in the medium and long term of the various surgical procedures is still unclear and seems a controversial issue. We conducted a prospective study of 15 patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy who were followed up for a period of 48 months after surgery. All patients were included in hemodialysis programmes. Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone which did not decrease with drug therapy recommended parathyroidectomy. The aim of our study is to determine whether subtotal parathyroidectomy is an effective technique in the medium and long term. As regards the results obtained, the levels of parathyroid hormone and calcemia remarkably decreased during the follow-up period, if compared to pre-surgery levels. The level of alkaline phosphatase also showed a reduction and the "hungry bone effect" was observed. The phosphorus and Ca-P product levels only showed a significant reduction immediately after surgery but showed an increment from the first year after surgery onwards. Hemoglobin levels did not show any alteration after parathyroidectomy. In two patients we observed a relapse of hyperparathyroidism. The anatomopathological examination revealed nodular hyperplasia in most of the cases, including the two relapses. CONCLUSION: Subtotal parathyroidectomy is an effective surgical procedure in the medium-term treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism.

Control del hiperparatiroidismo renal tras paratiroidectomía subtotal / Renal hyperparathyroidism's control after subtotal parathyroidectomy

La paratiroidectomía en cualquiera de sus modalidades se considera un tratamiento eficaz a corto plazo en el hiperparatiroidismo renal no controlado medicamente. Sin embargo, no queda claro y parece controvertido el resultado a medio- largo plazo de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo de 15 pacientes sometidos a paratiroidectomía subtotal. El seguimiento postoperatorio fue de 48 meses. Todos los pacientes estaban en programa de hemodiálisis. La indicación de paratiroidectomía fue una hormona paratiroidea elevada a pesar de tratamiento médico. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si la paratiroidectomía subtotal es un procedimiento eficaz a medio-largo plazo. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, podemos decir que la paratohormona descendió con respecto a los niveles precirugía de forma significativa durante los años de seguimiento, al igual que ocurrió con la calcemia. La Fosfatasa Alcalina también se vio afectada considerándose el «efecto del hueso hambriento». Tanto el fósforo como el producto Ca-P sólo sufren un descenso significativo en el control postcirugía elevándose a partir del primer año de la intervención. La hemoglobina no se ve afectada por la paratiroidectomía. En dos casos hubo recurrencia del hiperparatiroidismo. El resultado anatomopatológico de la mayoría de los casos fue Hiperplasia Nodular, incluidos los casos de recurrencia. Conclusión: La paratiroidectomía subtotal es una técnica quirúrgica efectiva en el tratamiento a medio plazo del hiperparatiroidismo renal

Parathyroidectomy, in any of its forms, is considered an effective short-term treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism in patients who are not being controlled with drugs. Nevertheless, the outcome in the medium and long term of the various surgical procedures is still unclear and seems a controversial issue. We conducted a prospective study of 15 patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy who were followed up for a period of 48 months after surgery. All patients were included in hemodialysis programmes. Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone which did not decrease with drug therapy recommended parathyroidectomy. The aim of our study is to determine whether subtotal parathyroidectomy is an effective technique in the medium and long term. As regards the results obtained, the levels of parathyroid hormone and calcemia remarkably decreased during the follow-up period, if compared to pre-surgery levels. The level of alkaline phosphatase also showed a reduction and the «hungry bone effect» was observed. The phosphorus and Ca-P product levels only showed a significant reduction immediately after surgery but showed an increment from the first year after surgery onwards. Hemoglobin levels did not show any alteration after parathyroidectomy. In two patients we observed a relapse of hyperparathyroidism. The anatomopathological examination revealed nodular hyperplasia in most of the cases, including the two relapses

Lesiones por Picadura de Araña. Presentación de dos Casos y Revisión del Manejo Terapéutico / Spider Bit lesions. Report of two Cases and Treatment Review

Las picaduras de araña sin trascendencia clínica son frecuentes, manifestándose en forma de eritema, edema local y dolor. Generah11ente los pacientes no identifican a la araña en el momento de la lesión. El término loxoscelismo hace referencia a las lesiones locales dedermonecrosis y las manifestaciones generales (hemólisis, fallo renal agudo, coagulación .intravascular diseminada) producidas por la picadura de un tipo de araña doméstica, la Loxosceles reclusa. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de pacientes que sufrieron una picadura de araña común, desarrollando posteriormente necrosis cutánea de rápida evolución que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la fisiopatología y los mecanismos implicados en este tipo de lesiones y efectuamos una revisión y puesta al día del manejo terapéutico de las mismas (AU)

Most spider bites involving humans cause minimal medica! problems and result in erythema, local edema and pain. Patients infrcquently present with a positive identification after potential envenomation. Loxoscelism is used to describe dermonecrosis lesions and general reactions (haemolysis, acure renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation) induced by domestic spiders bite (Loxosceles reclusa). Two cases of spiders bite that develop a fast dermonecrosis and need surgical treatment are reported. We analized the fisiopathology and mecanism of these kind of Iession and present a treatment review (AU)